There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. ), women married by age 15: 0%women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. wilaya). It changes the spelling of one province from Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. Once registered, organizations must inform the government of their activities, funding sources, and personnel, including notification of personnel changes. Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Employees who worked longer than the standard workweek received premium pay on a sliding scale from time-and-a-half to double time, depending on whether the overtime occurred on a normal workday, a weekend, or a holiday. note: data are in current year dollars$42.347 billion (2020 est.) In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. Algeria, the second-largest state in Africa, has a Mediterranean coastline of about 998 kilometers (620 mi.). )-5.1% (2020 est. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. The DGAPR maintained different categories of prisons that separated prisoners according to the lengths of their sentences. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. Many civil society organizations, government opponents, and political parties had access to independent print and broadcast media and used them to express their views. The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, but the government restricted the exercise of this right. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative elections led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. change, in 1984, the new subdivisions were called wilayas. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. ), total: 21% (2020 est. While the Ministry of Interior oversees the accreditation process for most associations, the president of a local assembly approves applications for communal associations. By law, the age for consensual sex is 16. ), electrification - total population: 99.4% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.6% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 97% (2019), installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. New FIPS Chitour has been detained in El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted. The law does not explicitly prohibit discrimination with respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion. ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. If the application is approved, the ministry issues a final accreditation document. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. Under French Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. Striking requires a secret ballot of the whole workforce. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. and Guelma. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. The penal code prohibits the detention of suspects in any facilities not designated for that purpose and declared to the local prosecutor, who has the right to visit such facilities at any time. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. The law provides detainees the right to see an attorney for 30 minutes if the time in detention has been extended beyond the initial 48-hour period. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. The center During the year a womens advocacy group, Wassila Network, received 200 cases of domestic violence. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. According to the law, political parties may not receive direct or indirect financial or material support from any foreign parties. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The law also provides for the creation of independent unions, although the unions membership must account for at least 20 percent of an enterprises workforce. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported during the year that following suppression of public activities in years past, they no longer hold events outside of private locations. Men held a large percentage of positions of authority in government and the private sector. Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. These organizations reported that migrant parents were often reluctant to enroll their children in Algerian schools due to language barriers or cultural differences. Importers of books covering the national movement and the Algerian Revolution must submit the entire text of the books for review, including a secondary review by the Ministry of the Moudjahidine (veterans of the Revolution). Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Intelligence services arrested journalist Said Chitour in June 2017 and accused him of sharing intelligence with a foreign power. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; From March 18 until April 8, the ministrys Labor Inspector Service conducted inspections into child labor of 9,748 businessdown from 11,575 businesses the previous year. ), -0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. Few government officials made their personal wealth public, and there was no known enforcement of the law. )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. wilaya). Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. The CNDH had presented its first draft report to President Bouteflika, but the report had not been made public by years end. 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